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GLACIER "MŻRDALSJÖKULL"
Risk type: glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket)
Glacier list |
Statistics
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Type: |
Ice cap |
Country: |
Iceland |
Region: |
South Iceland |
Massif/Ice Cap: |
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Municipality: |
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Municipality code: |
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Location: |
Mżrdalsjökull is an the fourth largest ice cap in Iceland with a total area of 600 km2 and a mean ice thickness of 230 m. The ice cap is underlain by a highly active central volcano (named Katla) containing a large caldera. The caldera encircles an area of 100 km2, is 600 to 750 m deep and its highest rims reach 1380 m a.s.l. |
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Latitude (°, cent): |
63.68 |
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Longitude (°, cent): |
19.05 |
Surface (km2): |
600 |
Lenght (km): |
|
Width (km): |
26 |
Min. altitude (m): |
120 |
Max. altitude (m): |
1510 |
Orientation (°) |
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Slope (°) |
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EVENT: Date
25/6/1955
- Date quality:Duration: 10 hours |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
A small jökulhlaup that originated from one of the cauldrons. The water broke through at the soutwestern terminus of the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
Volume: ca. 28 million m3. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
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|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
People expected this jökulhlaup to be preceeding a volcanic eruption. The news reached about all country except for 4 men researching the ice thickness on Mżrdalsjökull itself. Luckily no eruption followed this jökulhlaup. |
DAMAGES |
 |
Type: |
 Roads |
Description: |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
12/10/1918
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
About 7 hours before an eruption column could be seen on the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull an earthquake shook the area. Some hours later a tremendous jökulhlaup broke through the Outlet glacier of Kötlujökull and flooded all Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The jökulhlaup was first noticed at Hjörleifshöfda at noon, the peak discharge of 100.000 to 300.000 m3/s was reached 2,5 hours later. The south coast was extended by 3 km by the laharic flood deposits. Icebergs, up to 40 m high covered Mżrdalssandur after the flood. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
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Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
The Eruption lasted 24 days, the eruption column reached a hight of 15.000 m. |
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
8/5/1860
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
Eruption lasted 20 days. No tremendous ash fall and the jökulhlaup was fairly small. The river Jökulsį į Sólheimasandi, which is located south west of the ice cap, had an increased discharge aswell. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
26/6/1823
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The main jökulhlaup flooded both the western and the eastern Mżrdalssandur. Small jökulhlaups reached the outhwash plain every now and then during the eruption, the largest one on 2 july. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
Eruption lasted 28 days. Little ash fall. |
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
17/10/1755
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
Eruption lasted about 120 days. It started with earthquakes before noon on 17 oct. The eruption coloumn could be seen late afternoon, and the jökulhlaup started in the evening and lasted over the next night. It“s main path was west of mt. Hafursey, but it also flooded river Hólmsį and the southeastern part of the outwash plain. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
This eruption was the fourth largest tephra eruption scince Iceland was settled (with an estimated ash volume of 1500 million m3). 50 farms were destroyed because of the ash layer. |
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
11/5/1721
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The jökulhlaup reached its peak discharge (200.000 to 300.000 m3/s) within a very short time from its beginning. It reached the ocean with such pressure, that a small tsunami hit the harbour of the westmen islands (about 80 km west of Katlatangi). Close to the farm Hjörleifshöfša (which was -as the last farm on the western Mżrdalssandur- distroyed in this flood) a rock, 20 m high and quiet broad, was taken by the jökulhlaup. The woman and her young child who lived on the farm reached a small cave for shelter. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
Eruption lasted more than 100 days. The total volume of tephra and ash was close to 1 km3. |
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
3/11/1660
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The main jökulhlaup flooded a huge part of Mżrdalssandur on 3. Nov. Fertile land was destroyed and could not be used for years. On 8 nov the flood took the church and farmhouse Höfdabrekka, they were rebuild on a higher location. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
Eruption lasted more than 60 days. The ash fall was limited. |
DAMAGES |
 |
Type: |
 Farmland, fertile land |
Description: |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
2/9/1625
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
There is not so much known about the jökulhlaup, it was probably flooding the eastern part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
The eruption, which lasted 13 days, was so intensive that people south of Mżrdalsjökull could hardly sleep. |
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1974 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
12/10/1612
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The jökulhlaup is just mentioned by year (Thorsteinn Magnusson, head of the monastery of Thykkvabęr). |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
First one could read about an eruption beneath the ice cap Eyjafjallajökull, which is directly west of Mżrdalsjökull. Today it is quiet sure, that this eruption occurred beneath Mżrdalsjökull. A reference to the jökulhlaup exists (from the head of the |
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
11/8/1580
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
Farms were destroyed but no people killed. The jökulhlaup must have been tremendous with a lot of icebergs and sediments (Oddur Einarsson). |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
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Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
//1500
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
|
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
, - |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
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|
EVENT: Date
//1480
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The exact year is not known, the eruption occurred in the 15th century. Thorarinsson (3) writes about an eruption in 1490. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
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Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
//1440
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
|
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
, - |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
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EVENT: Date
//1416
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
This jökulhlaup probably flooded the western part of the outwash plain. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
The only reference was probably written down at the bischop seed of Skįlholt. |
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
//1357
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
A thick ashlayer has been found, indicating a large eruption from Mżrdalsjökull in ~1357. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Einarsson, P., Larsen, G. and Thorarinsson, S., 1984 - The Sólheimar tephra layer and the Katla eruption of ~1357 Acta Naturalia Islandica 28, 1-24 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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|
EVENT: Date
//1262
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
In the old handwritings was written about "fire in Sólheimajökull". Sólheimajökull is an Outlet glacier from Mżrdalsjökull, flowing south west. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
|
|
EVENT: Date
//1245
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
In the old handwritings was written about "fire in Sólheimajökull". Sólheimajökull is an Outlet glacier from Mżrdalsjökull, flowing south west. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
|
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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|
EVENT: Date
//1179
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
This is the first time in the icelandic history that a jökulhlaup is mentioned and described. The flood had swept away several farms and two churches.
Probably the flood destroyed an old harbour near to Mt Hjörleifshöfda in the fjord Kerlingafjörd sem today is completely vanished. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
The old referece: Thorlįkur bishop travelled to Jon Loftsson on the farm Höfdabrekka, where they mentioned the loss of farms. |
DAMAGES |
 |
Type: |
 Buildings |
Description: |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
|
|
EVENT: Date
//1150
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The exact year is not known, the eruption occurred in the 12th century. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
No references from that time, but an ash layer from the eruption has been found. |
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
|
|
EVENT: Date
//920
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
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Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
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Deaths(#) |
0 |
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Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
No references from that time, but an ash layer from the eruption has been found. |
DAMAGES |
 |
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BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Haflidason, H., Larsen, G. and Ólafsson, G., 1992 - The recent sedimentation history of Thingvallavatn, Iceland. Oikos 64 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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EVENT: Date
//850
- Date quality: |
 |
Type: |
Glacier flood (contain both lakes and water pocket) |
|
|
Description |
Due to a volcanic eruption beneath the ice cap Mżrdalsjökull, meltwater found its way through the Outlet glacier Kötlujökull and flooded part of the outwash plain Mżrdalssandur. |
Effects: |
The exact year is not known, the eruption occurred in the 9th century. |
Deaths(#) |
0 |
|
|
Injuried (#) |
0 |
Note |
No references from that time, but an ash layer from the eruption has been found. |
DAMAGES |
 |
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
Björnsson, H., Pįlsson F. and Gudmundsson, M.T., 2000 - Surface and bedrock topography of the Mżrdalsjökull ice cap, Iceland. The Katla caldera, eruption sites and routes of jökulhlaups. Jökull 49 |
Larsen, G., 2000 - Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, Iceland. Notes on characteristics and invironmental impact. Jökull 49 |
Thorarinsson, S., 1975 - Katla og annįll Kötlugosa. (The volcano Katla and annals of erutions.) Įrbók Ferdafélags Ķslands, 1975 |
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